Aging
Asset Pricing
Behavioral Finance
Children
Cohort Studies
Corporate Finance

Education
Health Economics
Organizational Economics
Political Economy
Public Economics

Members of the NBER's Aging Program met March 29 in Cambridge. Research Associate Kathleen M. McGarry of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Program Director Jonathan S. Skinner of Dartmouth College organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

Péter Hudomiet and Susann Rohwedder, RAND Corporation, and Michael D. Hurd, RAND Corporation and NBER, "The Lifetime Risk of Living with Dementia for Six Months, One, Two, or Five Years"
Julie Bynum, University of Michigan, "The Diagnosis and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Clinical Practice"
Amitabh Chandra, Harvard University and NBER, "Innovation and the Economics of Alzheimer's Disease"
Amanda E. Kowalski, University of Michigan and NBER, "Behavior within a Clinical Trial and Implications for Mammography Guidelines" (NBER Working Paper No. 25049)
Ryan Brown, University of Colorado, Denver, and Duncan Thomas, Duke University and NBER, "On the Long-term Effects of the 1918 U.S. Influenza Pandemic"
Simon Jäger, MIT and NBER; Benjamin Schoefer, University of California, Berkeley; and Josef Zweimüller, University of Zurich, "Marginal Jobs and Job Surplus: A Test of the Efficiency of Separations" (NBER Working Paper No. 25492)
Jay Bhattacharya, Stanford University and NBER; Dean R. Lillard, Ohio State University and NBER; and Su H. Shin, University of Alabama, "Understanding the Correlation between Alzheimer's Disease Polygenic Risk, Wealth, and the Composition of Wealth Holdings" (NBER Working Paper No. 25526)

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/AGs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Public Economics Program met April 4–5 in Cambridge. Program Director Raj Chetty of Harvard University, Research Associate John N. Friedman of Brown University, and Faculty Research Fellow Eric Zwick of the University of Chicago organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

François Gerard, Columbia University and NBER, and Joana Naritomi, London School of Economics, "Job Displacement Insurance and (the Lack of) Consumption-Smoothing"
Jacob Bastian, University of Chicago, and Maggie R. Jones, U.S. Census Bureau, "Do EITC Expansions Pay for Themselves? Effects on Tax Revenue and Public Assistance Spending"
Tatiana Homonoff, New York University, and Jason Somerville, Cornell University, "Program Recertification Costs: Evidence from SNAP"
Victor Stango, University of California, Davis, and Jonathan Zinman, Dartmouth College and NBER, "We Are All Behavioral, More or Less: Measuring and Using Consumer-level Behavioral Sufficient Statistics" (NBER Working Paper No. 25540)
Rebecca Diamond and Petra Persson, Stanford University and NBER; Michael J. Dickstein, New York University and NBER; and Timothy McQuade, Stanford University, "Take-Up, Drop-Out, and Spending in ACA Marketplaces" (NBER Working Paper No. 24668)
Shifrah Aron-Dine, Stanford University; Aditya Aladangady, David Cashin, Wendy Dunn, Laura Feiveson, Paul Lengermann, and Claudia R. Sahm, Federal Reserve Board; and Katherine Richard, University of Michigan, "High-frequency Spending Responses to the Earned Income Tax Credit"
Paul Hufe, Ifo Institute for Economic Research; Ravi Kanbur, Cornell University; and Andreas Peichl, University of Munich, "Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty"
Bruce D. Meyer, University of Chicago and NBER, and Derek Wu and Victoria D. Mooers, University of Chicago, "The Use and Misuse of Income Data and the Rarity of Extreme Poverty in the United States"
Alisa Tazhitdinova, University of California, Santa Barbara, "Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform"
Maria Polyakova, Stanford University and NBER, and Stephen P. Ryan, Washington University in St. Louis and NBER, "Subsidy Targeting with Market Power"
Marta Murray-Close and Misty L. Heggeness, U.S. Census Bureau, "Manning Up and Womaning Down: How Husbands and Wives Report Their Earnings When She Earns More"
Daniel W. Sacks and Bradley Heim, Indiana University, and Ithai Lurie, Department of the Treasury, "Does the Individual Mandate Affect Insurance Coverage? Evidence from the Population of Tax Returns"
John N. Tsivanidis, Dartmouth College, "The Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Urban Transit Infrastructure: Evidence from Bogotá's TransMilenio"

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/PEs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Asset Pricing Program met April 12 in Chicago. Research Associates Janice C. Eberly and Konstantin Milbradt, both of Northwestern University, organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

Ian Dew-Becker, Northwestern University and NBER, and Stefano Giglio, and Bryan T. Kelly, Yale University and NBER, "Hedging Macroeconomic and Financial Volatility and Uncertainty"
Lubos Pastor and Pietro Veronesi, University of Chicago and NBER, "Inequality Aversion, Populism, and the Backlash against Globalization" 24900)
Robin Greenwood, Harvard University and NBER, and Annette Vissing-Jorgensen, University of California, Berkeley and NBER, "The Impact of Pensions and Insurance on Global Yield Curves"
Grace Xing Hu, University of Hong Kong; and Jun Pan, Jiang Wang, and Haoxiang Zhu, MIT and NBER, "Premium for Heightened Uncertainty: Solving the FOMC Puzzle"
Robert Novy-Marx, University of Rochester and NBER, and Mihail Z. Velikov, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, "Betting Against Betting Against Beta"
Sung Je Byun, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, and Lawrence Schmidt, MIT, "Real Risk or Paper Risk? Mismeasured Factors, Granular Measurement Errors, and Empirical Asset Pricing Tests"

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/APs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Education Program met April 11–12 at Stanford University. Program Director Caroline M. Hoxby of Stanford University organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

Andrew Morgan, Minh Nguyen, and Ben Ost, University of Illinois at Chicago; Eric A. Hanushek, Stanford University and NBER; and Steven G. Rivkin, University of Illinois at Chicago and NBER, "Getting Effective Educators in Hard-to-Staff Schools"
C. Kirabo Jackson and Laia Navarro-Sola, Northwestern University, and Diether Beuermann and Francisco Pardo, Inter-American Development Bank, "What is a Good School, and Can Parents Tell? Evidence on the Multidimensionality of School Output" (NBER Working Paper No. 25432)
Sarah Cohodes, Columbia University and NBER; Elizabeth Setren, Tufts University; and Christopher R. Walters, University of California, Berkeley and NBER, "Can Successful Schools Replicate? Scaling Up Boston's Charter School Sector"
Hessel Oosterbeek, Sandor Sovago, and Bas van der Klaauw, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, "Why are Schools Segregated? Evidence from the Secondary-School Match in Amsterdam"
Jeffrey T. Denning, Eric R. Eide, and Merrill Warnick, Brigham Young University, "Why Have College Com-pletion Rates Increased?"
Ulf Zoelitz, University of Zurich, and Ingo E. Isphording, IZA Bonn, "The Value of a Peer — A New Way to Quantify Individual Spillovers"
Mauricio Romero, ITAM; Justin Sandefur, Center for Global Development; and Wayne A. Sandholtz, University of California, San Diego, "Outsourcing Service Delivery in a Fragile State: Experimental Evidence from Liberia"
Ying Shi, Stanford University, and John D. Singleton, University of Rochester, "Expertise and Independence on Governing Boards: Evidence from School Districts"
Tarek Azzam, Claremont Graduate University, and Michael D. Bates and David Fairris, University of California, Riverside, "Do Learning Communities Increase First Year College Retention? Testing the External Validity of Randomized Control Trials"
James Berry, University of Delaware; Rebecca Dizon-Ross, University of Chicago and NBER; and Maulik Jagnani, Cornell University, "(Not) Playing Favorites: An Experiment on Parental Preferences for Educational Investment"
Krzysztof Karbownik, Northwestern University, and Umut Özek, American Institutes for Research, "Setting a Good Example? Examining Sibling Spillovers in Educational Achievement Using Regression Discontinuity Design"
Kendall J. Kennedy, Mississippi State University, "Hidden Schooling: Repeated Grades and the Returns to Education and Experience"

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/EDs/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Organizational Economics Working Group met April 12–13 in Cambridge. Research Associate Robert S. Gibbons of MIT organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

Andrea Prat, Columbia University; Michael C. Best, Columbia University and NBER; and Adnan Khan and Oriana Bandiera, London School of Economics, "Incentives and the Allocation of Authority in Organizations: A Field Experiment with Bureaucrats"
Devesh Rustagi, Goethe University Frankfurt, "Waiting for Napoleon? Historical Democracy and Norms of Cooperation"
Mitchell Hoffman, University of Toronto and NBER; Guido Friebel and Nick Zubanov, Goethe University Frankfurt; and Matthias Heinz, University of Cologne, "What Do Employee Referral Programs Do?"
Guo Xu, University of California, Berkeley; Marianne Bertrand, University of Chicago and NBER; and Robin Burgess, London School of Economics, "Social Proximity and Bureaucrat Performance: Evidence from India" (NBER Working Paper No. 25389)
Daniel V. Barron and Yingni Guo, Northwestern University, "The Use and Misuse of Coordinated Punishments"
Oliver D. Hart, Harvard University and NBER, and David Frydlinger, Cirio Law Firm, "Overcoming Contractual Incompleteness: The Role of Guiding Principles"
Daniela Scur, MIT, and Renata Lemos, The World Bank, "The Ties That Bind: Family CEOs, Management Practices and Firing Costs"
Christian Zehnder, University of Lausanne; Ernst Fehr, University of Zurich; and Oliver D. Hart, Harvard University and NBER, "Contracts, Conflicts and Communication"
Christopher Cornwell and Ian M. Schmutte, University of Georgia, and Daniela Scur, MIT, "Picking from the Top or Shedding the Bottom? Personnel Management, Worker Quality and Firm Productivity"
Monica Martinez-Bravo, Centro de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros (CEMFI); Gerard Padró I Miquel, Yale University and NBER; Nancy Qian, Northwestern University and NBER; and Yang Yao, Peking University, "The Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China: Theory and Empirical Evidence on the Autocrat's Trade-off" (NBER Working Paper No. 24066)
Melanie Meng Xue, Northwestern University, and Mark Koyama, George Mason University, "Autocratic Rule and Social Capital: Evidence from Imperial China"
Heikki Rantakari, University of Rochester, "Simon Says? (Interpersonal) Authority in Organizations"

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/OEs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Corporate Finance Program met April 12 in Chicago. Research Associates Andrea L. Eisfeldt of the University of California, Los Angeles and Victoria Ivashina of Harvard University organized the meeting. These research-ers' papers were presented and discussed:

Antonio Falato, Diana Iercosan, and Filip Zikes, Federal Reserve Board, "Banks as Regulated Traders"
Zhengyang Jiang, Northwestern University, and Arvind Krishnamurthy and Hanno Lustig, Stanford University and NBER, "Dollar Safety and the Global Financial Cycle"
C. Fritz Foley, Harvard University and NBER; Agustin M. Hurtado, University of Chicago; Andres Liberman, New York University; and Alberto Sepulveda, SBIF, "The Effects of Information on Credit Market Competition: Evidence from Credit Cards"
Joshua L. Krieger, Harvard University; Danielle Li, MIT and NBER; and Dimitris Papanikolaou, North-western University and NBER, "Missing Novelty in Drug Development" (NBER Working Paper No. 24595)
Shai Bernstein and Rebecca Diamond, Stanford University and NBER, and Timothy McQuade and Beatriz Pousada, Stanford University, "The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States"
Jason R. Donaldson, Washington University in St Louis; Denis Gromb, INSEAD; and Giorgia Piacentino, Columbia University, "Conflicting Priorities: A Theory of Covenants and Collateral"
Christopher A. Parsons, University of Washington; Casey Dougal, Drexel University; and Sheridan Titman, University of Texas at Austin and NBER, "Urban Vibrancy and Value Creation"
Xavier Gabaix, Harvard University and NBER, and Ralph S. J. Koijen, University of Chicago and NBER, "Granular Instrumental Variables"
Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/CFs19/summary.html

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/CFs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Behavioral Finance Working Group met April 12–13 in Chicago. Research Associate Nicholas C. Barberis of Yale University organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

Niels Joachim Gormsen, University of Chicago, and Eben Lazarus, MIT, "Expected Returns and Cash-Flow Growth"
Stefano Giglio, Yale University and NBER; Matteo Maggiori, Harvard University and NBER; Johannes Stroebel, New York University and NBER; and Stephen Utkus, Vanguard, "Five Facts About Beliefs and Portfolios" (NBER Working Paper No. 25744)
Can Gao, Imperial College London, and Ian Martin, London School of Economics, "Volatility, Valuation Ratios, and Bubbles: An Empirical Measure of Market Sentiment"
Klakow Akepanidtaworn, University of Chicago; Rick Di Mascio, Inalytics Ltd.; Alex Imas, Carnegie Mellon University; and Lawrence Schmidt, MIT, "Selling Fast and Buying Slow: Heuristics and Trading Performance of Institutional Investors"
Jordan Brooks and Michael Katz, AQR Capital Management, and Hanno Lustig, Stanford University and NBER, "Post-FOMC Announcement Drift in U.S. Bond Markets" (NBER Working Paper No. 25127)
Jessica Wachter, University of Pennsylvania and NBER, and Michael J. Kahana, University of Pennsylvania, "A Retrieved-Context Theory of Financial Decisions"

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/BFs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Political Economy Program met April 26 in Cambridge. Program Director Alberto F. Alesina of Harvard University organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

James J. Feigenbaum, Boston University and NBER, and Daniel Thompson, Andrew B. Hall, and Jesse Yoder, Stanford University, "Who Becomes a Member of Congress? Evidence From De-Anonymized Census Data"
Elhanan Helpman, Harvard University and NBER, and Gene M. Grossman, Princeton University and NBER, "Identity Politics and Trade Policy" (NBER Working Paper No. 25348)
Lubos Pastor and Pietro Veronesi, University of Chicago and NBER, "Inequality Aversion, Populism, and the Backlash against Globalization" (NBER Working Paper No. 24900)
Matthew Jackson, Stanford University, and Yiqing Xing, Johns Hopkins University, "The Complementarity between Community and Government in Enforcing Norms and Contracts, and their Interaction with Religion and Corruption"
Francesco Giavazzi, Bocconi University and NBER; Giacomo Lemoli, New York University; and Felix Iglhaut and Gaia Rubera, Bocconi University, "Terrorist Attacks, Cultural Incidents, and the Vote for Radical Parties"
Melanie Wasserman, University of California, Los Angeles, "Gender Differences in Politician Persistence"

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/POLs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Cohort Studies Working Group met April 26–27 in Cambridge. Research Associate Dora Costa of the University of California, Los Angeles organized the meeting, which was sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

Nicola Barban and Marco Francesconi, University of Essex, and Elisabetta De Cao, London School of Economics, "Basic Instincts? The Role of Gene-Environment Interactions in Female Fertility Behavior"
Prashant Bharadwaj, University of California, San Diego and NBER, and Arushi Kaushik and Gordon McCord, University of California, San Diego, "Intergenerational Effects of the Bhopal Gas Disaster"
Dora Costa, "Update on Ex-POW Trauma and Intergenerational Transmission"
Janice Compton, University of Manitoba, and Robert A. Pollak, Washington University in St. Louis and NBER, "The Life Expectancy of Older Couples and Surviving Spouses"
Ashley M. Ima, Chapman University, and Tim A. Bruckner, Trang T. Nguyen, and Andrew Noymer, University of California, Irvine, "Race and Life Expectancy in the United States in the Great Depression"
Gabriella Conti, University College London; Govert E. Bijwaard, Peter Ekamper, and Frans van Poppel, NIDI; and Lambert Lumey, Columbia University, "Impact of Famine Exposure In Utero on Labor Market Behavior and Health Later in Life"
Kasey Buckles, University of Notre Dame and NBER; Joseph Price, Brigham Young University and NBER; and Isaac Riley and Jacob R. Van Leeuwen, Brigham Young University, "Combining Family History and Machine Learning to Link Historical Records"
Gabriella Conti and Stavros Poupakis, University College London; Peter Ekamper, Govert E. Bijwaard, and Frans van Poppel, NIDI; and Lambert Lumey, Columbia University, "Health Effects of In Utero Exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter"
Yiqun Chen, Stanford University, and Petra Persson and Maria Polyakova, Stanford University and NBER, "The Roots of Health Inequality and the Value of Intra-Family Expertise" (NBER Working Paper No. 25618)
Jamie M. Carroll, Chandra Muller, and Alicia Duncombe, University of Texas, Austin; Eric Grodsky, University of Wisconsin; Anna S. Mueller, University of Chicago; and John Robert Warren, University of Minnesota, "Preparing for an Uncertain Economy: How Occupational Expectations, Educational Attainment, and Labor Market Fluctuations Predict Death by Suicide and Substance Abuse by Midlife"
Jesse Rothstein, University of California, Berkeley and NBER, "The Lost Generation? Scarring after the Great Recession"
Lambert Lumey, Columbia University; Gabriella Conti, University College London; and Peter Ekamper, Govert Bijwaard, and Frans van Poppel, NIDI, "Overweight and Obesity in Young Men after Famine Exposure In Utero and Early Infancy: A Re-Examination"
Bastiaan T. Heijmans and Elmar W. Tobi, Leiden University Medical Center, and Lambert Lumey, Columbia University, "Exploring Epigenetic Mechanisms for the Long-term Health Impact of the Dutch Famine of 1944–45"

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/CSs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Health Economics Program met April 26 in Cambridge. Program Director Michael Grossman of the City University of New York and Research Associates Christopher Carpenter of Vanderbilt University and Robert Kaestner of University of Chicago organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

Alice Zulkarnain and Matthew S. Rutledge, Boston College, "Does Delayed Retirement Affect Mortality?"
Lawrence Jin and Nicolas R. Ziebarth, Cornell University, "Sleep, Health, and Human Capital: Evidence from Daylight Saving Time"
Marianne Bitler, University of California, Davis and NBER; Janet Currie, Princeton University and NBER; Hilary W. Hoynes, University of California, Berkeley and NBER; Lisa Schulkind, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; and Barton Willage, Louisiana State University, "The Impact of Childhood Nutrition Assistance on Child Health and Well-Being: Lessons from WIC"
Peter A. Savelyev, College of William and Mary; Benjamin C. Ward, University of Georgia; and Robert Krueger and Matt F. McGue, University of Minnesota, "Health Endowments, Schooling Allocation in the Family, and Longevity: Evidence from U.S. Twins"
Jason Fletcher, University of Wisconsin-Madison and NBER, and Qiongshi Lu, University of Wisconsin-Madison, "Health Policy and Genetic Endowments: Understanding Sources of Response to MLDA Laws"
Willa H. Friedman, University of Houston, and Anthony Keats, Wesleyan University, "Disruptions to Health Care Quality and Early Child Health Outcomes: Evidence from Health Worker Strikes"

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/HEs19/summary.html

Members of the NBER's Program on Children met May 2–3 in Cambridge. Program Directors Anna Aizer of Brown University and Janet Currie of Princeton University organized the meeting. These researchers' papers were presented and discussed:

Maria Micaela Sviatschi, Princeton University, and Iva Trako, World Bank, "Female Officers, Gender Violence and Children: Evidence from Women's Justice Centers in Peru"
Giuseppe Sorrenti and Ulf Zoelitz, University of Zurich, "The Causal Impact of Socio-Emotional Skills Training on Educational Success"
Andrew C. Barr, Texas A&M University, and Alexander A. Smith, United States Military Academy, "The Effect of Income During Infancy: Evidence from the EITC"
Anthony Bald and Margarita Machelett, Brown University; Eric Chyn, University of Virginia; and Justine S. Hastings, Brown University and NBER, "The Causal Impact of Removing Children from Abusive and Neglectful Homes"
(NBER Working Paper No. 25419)
Jonathan M. Colmer, University of Virginia, and John L. Voorheis, U.S. Census Bureau, "Pollution and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital: Evidence from the 1970 Clean Air Act"
Natalie Bau, University of California, Los Angeles; Martin Rotemberg, New York University; Manisha Shah, University of California, Los Angeles and NBER; and Bryce Steinberg, Brown University and NBER, "Brain vs. Brawn: Child Labor, Human Capital Investment, and the Role of Dynamic Complementarities"
Bahadir Dursun, Princeton University; Ozkan Eren, University of California, Riverside; and My T. Nguyen, Louisiana State University, "Curriculum Reforms and Infant Health"
Anne Karing, University of California, Berkeley, "Social Signaling and Childhood Immunization: A Field Experiment in Sierra Leone"
Jonas Lau-Jensen Hirani, University of Copenhagen; Hans Henrik Sievertsen, University of Bristol; and Miriam Wüst, University of Copenhagen and the Danish Center for Social Science Research, "Beyond Treatment Exposure: The Timing of Early Interventions and Children's Health"
Anne Ardila Brenoe, University of Zurich, "Brothers Increase Women's Gender Conformity"
Kasey Buckles, University of Notre Dame and NBER; Melanie E. Guldi, University of Central Florida; and Lucie Schmidt, Williams College and NBER, "Fertility Trends in the United States, 1980–2017: The Role of Unintended Births"
(NBER Working Paper No. 25521)

Summaries of these papers are at www.nber.org/conferences/2019/CHs19/summary.html