Monetary Policy as Financial-Stability Regulation
NBER Working Paper No. 16883
Issued in March 2011
NBER Program(s):Corporate Finance, Monetary Economics
This paper develops a model that speaks to the goals and methods of financial-stability policies. There are three main points. First, from a normative perspective, the model defines the fundamental market failure to be addressed, namely that unregulated private money creation can lead to an externality in which intermediaries issue too much short-term debt and leave the system excessively vulnerable to costly financial crises. Second, it shows how in a simple economy where commercial banks are the only lenders, conventional monetary-policy tools such as open-market operations can be used to regulate this externality, while in more advanced economies it may be helpful to supplement monetary policy with other measures. Third, from a positive perspective, the model provides an account of how monetary policy can influence bank lending and real activity, even in a world where prices adjust frictionlessly and there are other transactions media besides bank-created money that are outside the control of the central bank.
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Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w16883
Published: “Monetary Policy as Financial-Stability Regulation,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127, February 2012, pp. 57-95.